Hypertext History

1. From the Middle Ages to the Age of Enlightenment
 - Richard White of Basingstoke: One of the earliest scholars to make use of endnotes
 - The Birth of the Modern Encyclopaedia: Comprehensive in scope, systematic in organisation (mid-1700)

https://www.geni.com/people/Richard-White-of-Basingstoke/6000000029052805062

2. Organising Utopia
 - Legal Citations: Practice of referring to court decisions, statutes, etc that support a proposition
 - Paul Otlet: Created the Universal Decimal Classification for libraries
  * The Mundaneum: A central repository for all the world's knowledge
  * The World City
 - Wilhelm Ostwald: Reduced literature to small units of recorded knowledge ('monos') that could be arranged and linked with other units
 - The World Brain: the core would be a world synthesis of bibliography and documentation with the indexed archives of the world

http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks13/1303731h.html

3. Interlude (1939 ~ 1945)
 - The Memex: An electro-mechanical analogue device for organising knowledge
  * mentioned in 'As We May Think' written by Vannevar Bush

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/20659/memex

4. The Information Age
 : Everything is deeply intertwingled
 - ARC (Augmentation Research Centre)
 - Ted Nelson: coined the term "hypertext"
 - Project Xanadu
  * intercomparison of parallel documents
  * worldwide publishing without barriers
  * links that don't break
  * versioning
  * transclusion
  * trans copyright

http://www.xanadu.com/

5. Hypertext Systems
 - HES: Hypertext Editing System
 - FRESS (1967): File Retrieval and Editing System
 - ZOG (1975): One-way links
  * Early proponent of the "card" or "frame" model of hypertext
 - KMS (1983): Knowledge Management System
 - HyperTIES (1983): Hyper The Interactive Encyclopeadia Systems
 - Intermedia (1985): Bidirectional linking
 - NoteCards (1985): Hierarchical browser
 - Hypercard (1987)

http://hypercard.org/

6. Conklin on Hypertext
 ( Hypertext: An Introduction and Survey written by Conklin, J.)
 - Macro Literary Systems: Memex, NLS/Augment, Xanadu project
 - Problem Exploration Tools: IBIS
 - Structured browsing Systems: ZOG/KMS, HyperTIES
 - General Hypertext Technology: NoteCards, Intermedia, HES/FRESS

7. Halasz on Hypertext
 ( Reflections on Notecards written by Halasz, F.)
 - The seven issues for the next generation of hypertext systems
  * Search and query in a hypermedia network
  * Composites - augmenting the basic model
  * Virtual Structures
  * Computation in (over) hypermedia networks
  * Versioning
  * Support for collaborative work
  * Extensibility and tailorability
 - A keynote at Hypertext '91 in San Antonio
  * Ending the tyranny of the Link
  * Open Systems
  * User Interfaces for Large Information Spaces
  * Very Large Hypertexts

8. ...and then the Web happened
 - 1990: Three new Hypertext systems made their first appearance
  * The World Wide Web
  * Hyper-G
  * Microcosm