1. HTML & XML
1) The Beginning: HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) began as a language for encoding simple document semantics
2) Effects through Bloating: It became more bloated to allow more design precision and visual effects
3) Simplicity through Style: Until precise style specifications were added
4) Style is All: But, then the names of the tags became irrelevant
5) Or are Data and Style Equal?: So invent your own for your own applications
6) Or is Data All?: And forget the display semantics. Information is for using, not looking at!
=> The result of this transformation is XML
http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~cs1204/XML/htmlVxml.html
2. XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
1) Element: forms a hierarchical decomposition. Names are case sensitive
e.g. <foo>Text and
<bar>element</bar>
<image/>
</foo>
!! Element recognition: naked angle brackets cannot appear => should follow standard entities
e.g. < ~> < / & ~> &
2) Attribute: labels elements
e.g. <para security="restricted"></para>
3) Entity: contains document fragments
4) Markup declaration: defines entities, elements, attributes, DTDs, comments, marked sections
5) Processing instruction: interprets elements and content
6) DTD: constrains elements, attributes and content and provides a simple grammer
http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_whatis.asp
3. HTML5
- HTML/XHTML were simple page-oriented structures
=> Gradually generic structures take over as use of the Web explodes
=> HTML5 recognises major new structures that are useful for search engines and usability
- Structure of HTML5
1) doctype: <!DOCTYPE html>
2) <nav>: Represents a major navigation block. It groups links to other pages or to parts of the current page whose role is simply navigation
3) <header>: tag specifies a header for a document or section, the title and datastamp of a blog entry or news article
4) <footer>: Material that comes at the base of the page or article
5) <article>: Articles and blog etries are common, an alternative to <div class="article"> used for distributable content. An article may contain a header and footer and a title
6) <aside>: The "aside" element is a section that somehow related to main content, but it can be separate from that content
7) <video> & <audio>: provides new elements for media. But, only understands a limited set of formats
8) <canvas>: provides a surface for programs to draw ion using a standard API
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_intro.asp
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